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HCS361-P PDF даташит

Спецификация HCS361-P изготовлена ​​​​«Microchip Technology» и имеет функцию, называемую «KEELOQ CODE HOPPING ENCODER».

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Номер произв HCS361-P
Описание KEELOQ CODE HOPPING ENCODER
Производители Microchip Technology
логотип Microchip Technology логотип 

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HCS361-P Даташит, Описание, Даташиты
M
HCS361
Code Hopping Encoder*
FEATURES
Security
• Programmable 28/32-bit serial number
• Programmable 64-bit encryption key
• Each transmission is unique
• 67-bit transmission code length
• 32-bit hopping code
• 35-bit fixed code (28/32-bit serial number,
4/0-bit function code, 1-bit status, 2-bit CRC)
• Encryption keys are read protected
Operating
• 2.0-6.6V operation
• Four button inputs
- 15 functions available
• Selectable baud rate
• Automatic code word completion
• Battery low signal transmitted to receiver
• Nonvolatile synchronization data
• PWM and VPWM modulation
Other
• Easy to use programming interface
• On-chip EEPROM
• On-chip oscillator and timing components
• Button inputs have internal pulldown resistors
• Current limiting on LED output
• Minimum component count
Enhanced Features Over HCS300
• 48-bit seed vs. 32-bit seed
• 2-bit CRC for error detection
• 28/32-bit serial number select
• Two seed transmission methods
• PWM and VPWM modulation
• Wake-up signal in VPWM mode
• IR modulation mode
Typical Applications
The HCS361 is ideal for Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
applications. These applications include:
• Automotive RKE systems
• Automotive alarm systems
• Automotive immobilizers
• Gate and garage door openers
• Identity tokens
• Burglar alarm systems
PACKAGE TYPES
PDIP, SOIC
S0
1
S1 2
S2 3
S3 4
8 VDD
7 LED
6 PWM
5 VSS
HCS361 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Oscillator
LED
Reset circuit
LED driver
Controller
Power
latching
and
switching
PWM
EEPROM
Encoder
32-bit shift register
VSS
VDD
Button input port
S3 S2 S1 S0
DESCRIPTION
The HCS361 is a code hopping encoder designed for
secure Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) systems. The
HCS361 utilizes the KEELOQ code hopping technology,
which incorporates high security, a small package
outline and low cost, to make this device a perfect
solution for unidirectional remote keyless entry systems
and access control systems.
The HCS361 combines a 32-bit hopping code
generated by a nonlinear encryption algorithm, with a
28/32-bit serial number and 7/3 status bits to create a
67-bit transmission stream. The length of the
transmission eliminates the threat of code scanning
and the code hopping mechanism makes each
transmission unique, thus rendering code capture and
resend (code grabbing) schemes useless.
KEELOQ is a trademark of Microchip Technology Inc.
*Code hopping encoder patents issued in Europe, U. S. A., R. S. A. — US: 5,517,187; Europe: 0459781
© 1996 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40146C-page 1









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HCS361-P Даташит, Описание, Даташиты
HCS361
The encryption key, serial number, and configuration
data are stored in EEPROM which is not accessible via
any external connection. This makes the HCS361 a
very secure unit. The HCS361 provides an easy to use
serial interface for programming the necessary security
keys, system parameters, and configuration data.
The encryption keys and code combinations are pro-
grammable but read-protected. The keys can only be
verified after an automatic erase and programming
operation. This protects against attempts to gain
access to keys and manipulate synchronization values.
The HCS361 operates over a wide voltage range of
2.0V to 6.6V and has four button inputs in an 8-pin
configuration. This allows the system designer the
freedom to utilize up to 15 functions. The only
components required for device operation are the but-
tons and RF circuitry, allowing a very low system cost.
1.0 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.1 Key Terms
• Manufacturer’s Code – a 64-bit word, unique to
each manufacturer, used to produce a unique
encryption key in each transmitter (encoder).
• Encryption Key – a unique 64-bit key generated
and programmed into the encoder during the
manufacturing process. The encryption key
controls the encryption algorithm and is stored in
EEPROM on the encoder device.
• Learn – The HCS product family facilitates several
learning strategies to be implemented on the
decoder. The following are examples of what can
be done.
Normal Learning
The receiver uses the same information that is
transmitted during normal operation to derive the
transmitter’s secret key, decrypt the discrimination
value and the synchronization counter.
Secure Learn*
The transmitter is activated through a special but-
ton combination to transmit a stored 48-bit value
(random seed) that can be used for key genera-
tion or be part of the key. Transmission of the ran-
dom seed can be disabled after learning is
completed.
The HCS361 is a code hopping encoder device that is
designed specifically for keyless entry systems,
primarily for vehicles and home garage door openers. It
is meant to be a cost-effective, yet secure solution to
such systems. The encoder portion of a keyless entry
system is meant to be held by the user and operated to
gain access to a vehicle or restricted area. The
HCS361 requires very few external components
(Figure 2-1).
Most keyless entry systems transmit the same code
from a transmitter every time a button is pushed. The
relative number of code combinations for a low end sys-
*Secure Learning patents pending.
tem is also a relatively small number. These
shortcomings provide the means for a sophisticated
thief to create a device that ‘grabs’ a transmission and
retransmits it later or a device that scans all possible
combinations until the correct one is found.
The HCS361 employs the KEELOQ code hopping tech-
nology and an encryption algorithm to achieve a high
level of security. Code hopping is a method by which
the code transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver
is different every time a button is pushed. This method,
coupled with a transmission length of 67 bits, virtually
eliminates the use of code ‘grabbing’ or code
‘scanning’.
As indicated in the block diagram on page one, the
HCS361 has a small EEPROM array which must be
loaded with several parameters before use. The most
important of these values are:
• A 28/32-bit serial number which is meant to be
unique for every encoder
• An encryption key that is generated at the time of
production
• A 16-bit synchronization value
The serial number for each transmitter is programmed
by the manufacturer at the time of production. The
generation of the encryption key is done using a key
generation algorithm (Figure 1-1). Typically, inputs to
the key generation algorithm are the serial number of
the transmitter or seed value, and a 64-bit manufac-
turer’s code. The manufacturer’s code is chosen by the
system manufacturer and must be carefully controlled.
The manufacturer’s code is a pivotal part of the overall
system security.
The 16-bit synchronization value is the basis for the
transmitted code changing for each transmission, and
is updated each time a button is pressed. Because of
the complexity of the code hopping encryption algo-
rithm, a change in one bit of the synchronization value
will result in a large change in the actual transmitted
code. There is a relationship (Figure 1-2) between the
key values in EEPROM and how they are used in the
encoder. Once the encoder detects that a button has
been pressed, the encoder reads the button and
updates the synchronization counter. The synchroniza-
tion value is then combined with the encryption key in
the encryption algorithm and the output is 32 bits of
encrypted information. This data will change with every
button press, hence, it is referred to as the hopping
portion of the code word. The 32-bit hopping code is
combined with the button information and the serial
number to form the code word transmitted to the
receiver. The code word format is explained in detail
in Section 4.2.
Any type of controller may be used as a receiver, but it
is typically a microcontroller with compatible firmware
that allows the receiver to operate in conjunction with a
transmitter, based on the HCS361. Section 7.0
provides more detail on integrating the HCS361 into a
total system.
DS40146C-page 2
Preliminary
© 1996 Microchip Technology Inc.









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HCS361-P Даташит, Описание, Даташиты
HCS361
Before a transmitter can be used with a particular
receiver, the transmitter must be ‘learned’ by the
receiver. Upon learning a transmitter, information is
stored by the receiver so that it may track the
transmitter, including the serial number of the
transmitter, the current synchronization value for that
transmitter and the same encryption key that is used on
the transmitter. If a receiver receives a message of valid
format, the serial number is checked and, if it is from a
learned transmitter, the message is decrypted and the
decrypted synchronization counter is checked against
what is stored. If the synchronization value is verified,
then the button status is checked to see what operation
is needed. Figure 1-3 shows the relationship between
some of the values stored by the receiver and the val-
ues received from the transmitter.
FIGURE 1-1: CREATION AND STORAGE OF ENCRYPTION KEY DURING PRODUCTION
Transmitter
Serial Number or
Seed
Manufacturer’s
Code
Key
Generation
Algorithm
Encryption
Key
HCS361 EEPROM Array
Serial Number
Encryption Key
Sync Counter
.
.
.
FIGURE 1-2: BASIC OPERATION OF TRANSMITTER (ENCODER)
Transmitted Information
EEPROM Array
Decryption Key
Sync Counter
Serial Number
KEELOQ
Encryption
Algorithm
32 Bits of
Encrypted Data
Serial Number
Button Press
Information
FIGURE 1-3: BASIC OPERATION OF RECEIVER (DECODER)
EEPROM Array
Decryption Key
Sync Counter
Serial Number
Manufacturer Code
Check for
Match
KEELOQ
Decryption
Algorithm
Check for
Match
Decrypted
Synchronization
Counter
Button Press
Information
Serial Number
32 Bits of
Encrypted Data
Received Information
© 1996 Microchip Technology Inc.
Preliminary
DS40146C-page 3










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